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Renaming of cities in India started in 1947, following the end of the British imperial period in India, and continues today. Several changes were politically controversial, and not all proposed changes were implemented. Each had to be approved by the central government in New Delhi. The renaming of states and territories in India has also taken place, but until recently with actual substantial name changes in both local language and in English such as the old British state name of Travancore-Cochin to Kerala (1956). The most notable recent exceptions are Indian English spelling-changes of ''Orissa'' to Odisha (March 2011)〔India and the World Bank: The Politics of Aid and Influence - Page 126 Jason A. Kirk - 2011 "Orissa (Note: This state was officially renamed Odisha in March 2011)"〕 and the ''Union Territory of Pondicherry'' (which includes the City of Pondicherry) to Puducherry. ==Renaming in local languages== In the post-colonial era, several State names were changed. Some of these changes coincided with the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories that organised them along linguistic lines. At this time, for example, Travancore-Cochin was renamed Kerala (1956). Later state name changes include reorganisation of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh (1959),〔The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, 1925 to the ... - Page 134 Christophe Jaffrelot - 1999 "The new state included Madhya Bharat, the Bhopal region, the former Vindhya Pradesh, Mahakoshal and Chhattisgarh (the last two regions forming the Hindi-speaking parts in the former Madhya Pradesh; see map, pp. xxii-xxiii)."〕 renaming of the Madras State to Tamil Nadu (1969), Mysore State to Karnataka (1973) and Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand (2007). Some of these local name changes were changes to all languages, the immediate local name, and also all other of India's languages. An example of this is the renaming of predominantly Hindi-speaking Uttaranchal (Hindi उत्तराञ्चल) to a new local Hindi name (Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड ''Uttarakhand''). Other changes were only changes in some of the indigenous languages. For example the renaming of the Madras Presidency to Madras State (1947) and then Tamil Nadu (1969) required Hindi speakers to change from an approximation of the British name ((ヒンディー語:मद्रास प्रैज़िडन्सी) ''Madras Presidency'', then मद्रास स्टेट ''Madras State'') to a Hindi version of the native Tamil name ((ヒンディー語:तमिल नाडु) ''Tamil Nadu'', "Tamil land"). Changes to the local name of cities in the indigenous languages are less common. However, a change in English may also be a reflection of changes in other Indian languages other than the specific local one. For example the change of Madras (Hindi मद्रास ''Madras'') to Chennai (Hindi चेन्नई ''Chennai)'' was reflected in many of India's languages, and incidentally in English, while the Tamil endonym Chennai (சென்னை ''Chennai)'' had always been Chennai and remained unaffected by the change. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Renaming of cities in India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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